Introduction. Neurodevelopmental disorder is a new term in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which are the focus of this presentation. ASD has a prevalence of over 1%, begins in early childhood and persists throughout life, while ADHD has as a prevalence of 4-6% in childhood, and persists into adulthood in half of the cases. Aims. The aim of this presentation is to provide an overview on the current knowledge of both suicidal and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviour in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders. Results. ADHD was found to be present in two-third of young people who attempted suicide, but only fifth of them were diagnosed with ADHD prior to the suicide attempt. Our research group found that 12.7% of children and 38.9% of adolescents with a diagnosis of ADHD had suicidal behaviour, and 67.3% had NSSI. We observed the mediating effect of comorbid mental disorders between ADHD symptoms and both suicidal behaviour and NSSI. Among individuals diagnosed with ASD, both suicidal behaviour and NSSI were found to have higher prevalence than in typically developing individuals, and individuals with ASD were more likely to die as a result of self-injury than typically developing individuals. However, lack of instruments to measure self-injury in individuals with ASD is a barrier to research in this area. Conclusions. Recent research has highlighted the need for prevention programs and clinicians to focus on individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders and further research on this field to reduce the risk of self-injury.