Background: Psychological pain is strongly linked to suicide attempts independent of depression. However, little is known about the cognitive features associated with psychological pain and suicide attempts. We therefore aimed to investigate the neuropsychological features of patients with late-life depression reporting high level of psychological pain, according to a previous history of suicide attempt. Methods: Seventy-two outpatients with a late-life depression were included at Montreal and divided into two groups according to the level of psychological pain assessed by a Likert scale. Twenty-nine patients had a history of suicide attempts. Cognitive abilities were assessed using the Trail Making Test, the Stroop test, Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), and Verbal Fluency Test (semantic and phonemic verbal fluency). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine neuropsychological factors associated with a high level of psychological pain. Results: High level of psychological pain was associated with higher Stroop interference time scores (p=0.002) and lower MOCA scores (p=0.015), independent of a previous history of suicide attempt. Other cognitive measures did not differ between groups. High level of psychological pain was associated with higher Stroop interference time scores even after controlling for confounding factors (gender, age, level of education, depressive symptomatology, history of suicide attempt, and level of suicidal ideations). A previous history of a suicide attempts was associated with poorer IGT scores (p=0.009), independent of level of psychological pain. This association remained even after controlling for confounding factors (gender, age, level of education depressive symptomatology, level of suicidal ideations, and level of psychological pain). Conclusion: Psychological pain is a specific clinical entity that should be more significant than just a symptom of depression. High level of psychological pain appears to be associated with a deficit of cognitive inhibition in late-life depression, whereas decision making appears to be more associated with a history of suicide attempt. This finding could help to target psychotherapeutic treatments and improve screening.